Give a manager or employee the correct environment; set the stage by establishing processes that promote the behavior you are seeking; provide ample tangible and intrinsic motivation... all these mean nothing if that person doesn't have the skills or knowledge to accomplish those actions. Knowledge sets the very foundation for determining the final level of performance success you can expect from a manager or employee. It's the single point that, generally, you cannot work past. Knowledge includes:

• Process skills
• Technical training
• Interpersonal skills
• Management and leadership skills
• Individual and management development

Knowledge includes education - such as undergraduate degrees, training - as in technical skills, and on-the-job training - explaining how we use those education and training experiences here.